MERS-CoV?Specific T-Cell Responses in Camels after Single MVA-MERS-S Vaccination

We developed an ELISPOT assay for evaluating Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)--specific T-cell responses in dromedary camels. After single modified vaccinia virus Ankara-MERS-S vaccination, seropositive camels showed increased levels of MERS-CoV--specific T cells and antibodies, indicating suitability of camel vaccinations in disease-endemic areas as a promising approach to control infection. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Emerging Infectious Diseases is the property of Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

MERS-CoV‒Specific T-Cell Responses in Camels after Single MVA-MERS-S Vaccination.

We developed an ELISPOT assay for evaluating Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)‒specific T-cell responses in dromedary camels. After single modified vaccinia virus Ankara-MERS-S vaccination, seropositive camels showed increased levels of MERS-CoV‒specific T cells and antibodies, indicating suitability of camel vaccinations in disease-endemic areas as a promising approach to control infection.

A Study on E-Wallet Awareness and Its Usage in Kanniyakumari District

E-wallet is an internet based payment system which allows the users to make online transactions quickly and it keeps financial as well as personal identity related information securely. Such electronic payment (E-wallet) systems enable a customer to pay online for the goods and services. E-wallets are primarily used for mobile recharges and bill payments. During the last decade, customers areusing E-wallet for payment trending in Indian payment pattern.COVID-19 pandemic effect, E-wallet has tremendous growth in India. With the Government initiative such as Digital India and increased use of smartphone and internet are means to exponential growth in use of E-wallet.The present study is an attempt to clarify the concept of E-wallet and to analyse the awareness and usage of E-wallet in Nagercoil, Kanniyakumari district. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature which makes use of primary and secondary data. For the purpose of study, well-structured questionnaire is prepared to collect the data from the respondents. A sample of 120 respondents from Nagercoil is selected by using convenient sampling technique. The study pointed out the necessity of proper awareness towards E-wallet among all category of people and to solve the concerns and issues of the present customers. This study leads to perform better in future.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Detection of viral antibodies in camel sera using magnetic particle spectroscopy.

Pandemics like SARS-Cov-2 very frequently have their origin in different animals and in particular herds of camels could be a source of zoonotic diseases. This study took advantage on a highly sensitive and adaptable method for the fast and reliable detection of viral antibodies in camels using low-cost equipment. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have high variability in their functionalization with different peptides and proteins. We confirm that 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated MNP could be functionalized with viral proteins. The protein loading could be confirmed by simple loading controls using FACS-analysis (p < 0.05). Complementary combination of antigen and antibody yields in a significant signal increase could be proven by both FACS and COMPASS. However, COMPASS needs only a few seconds for the measurement. In COMPASS, the phase φn on selected critical point of the fifth higher harmonic (n = 5th). Here, positive sera display highly significant signal increase over the control or negative sera. Furthermore, a clear distinction could be made in antibody detection as an immune response to closely related viruses (SARS-CoV2 and MERS). Using modified MNPs along with COMPASS offers a fast and reliable method that is less cost intensive than current technologies and offers the possibility to be quickly adapted in case of new occurring viral infections. KEY POINTS: • COMPASS (critical offset magnetic particle spectroscopy) allows the fast detection of antibodies. • Magnetic nanoparticles can be adapted by exchange of the linked bait molecule. • Antibodies could be detected in camel sera without washing steps within seconds.

Refractive Errors Due To Online Classes Among School Children During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Aim: The current study aimed to assess the effect of refractive errors among school children due to online classes. Material(s) and Method(s): School-going children who were attending online classes between five and fifteen years were subjected to ophthalmic evaluation. A questionnaire including sections like demographics, gadget use, on-screen time, and physical complaints was administered to collect the required data. Result(s): The participants in our study had a mean age of 9 +/- 2 years (range 5-15 years) of whom 48.4% (n = 140) were males and 51.6% (n = 149) were females. There was a predominance of myopia (86.5%) in children where 44.6% of them have newly developed refractive errors. Around 70 (67.8%) children with a previous refractive error have been shown to have progression of refractive error. Conclusion(s): Our study reports that children were exposed to prolonged screen time which led to a rise in the number of myopia cases.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

The Security Algorithm BR22-01 Used to Secure the COVID'19 Health Data

The current generation data is most valuable in people's life, because data only decided people's health affected in COVID'19 or not, and not only COVID'19 all related to health issues data. To analyze and predict the health issue data by using Machine Learning Algorithm. This prediction issues data has most confidential data and need more security. So, applying the previous method is ChaCha method. This method focusing only performance not fully security. The new method is BR22-01. This method has five stages. The 1st stage is finding the secret key x & y value. The 2nd stage is applying key in Eq. (1). The 3rd stage is merge all values into single row then pair from left and swap the values in the HS matrix. The 4th stage is applying key in Eq. (2). The 5th stage is merge all values into single line then pair from left and swap the values in the HC matrix but reverse. The new method has provide good security as well as performance while compared to ChaCha method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Possibilities of Prediction of COVID 19 using K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm

Nowadays the entire world has been suffered by a virus called corona which creates panic to the entire world. Even though the world has reached out its advanced level in medical and all other techniques this unseen virus has created an impact to the entire world. This virus has been explored in Wuhan at china, then it spread the entire world and the effect is being very dangerous. In this regard although there is been many researchers have given different solution to predict the root causes of this disease still it is a challenging task. So, this article addressed about the possibility of prediction rate using KNN algorithm. This proposed method would produce 85% of prediction accuracy and 1.4% to 3.4% accuracy improvement when compared with other algorithm. When compared with all other algorithm K- Nearest neighbour algorithm has given better classification than other machine learning algorithm for predicting the COVID 19 possibilities also it diminishes the error rate of prediction accuracy. © 2022 IEEE.

An Exploratory Insight into Public's Perception and Preference of Mouthwash during COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims to evaluate, through a questionnaire, general public awareness preference regarding mouth wash and their perceptions of the importance of self-care to control the disease. Methods: General public completed a 20-item questionnaire that aimed to assess the following: their profile, knowledge, and awareness of the mouthwash, preferences on mouthwashes in terms of their constituent ingredients, short- and long-term side effects, and their attitude towards the use of mouthwashes as plaque control agents. Data tabulation and the frequency distribution using tables and graphics were done. Results: The data showed that 134 participants answered the google form, out of which 56% of participants did not use mouthwash, and 64% gave reasons why it was unnecessary to do so. While another 14.7% were unaware that mouthwash is an adjunct in aiding oral hygiene, and 15% of participants said they did not have enough time to use it. The remaining justifications included difficulty in mouth washing and finding it costly. Conclusion: We conclude with this questionnaire-based survey during the pandemic COVID-19 regarding the public perception and preference of mouth wash, the general public becomes motivated to promote self-care when the dentist promotes proper instruction. The present study throws light on the fact that widespread usages of herbal products now need to be advocated and prescribed. Hence more evidence pertaining to the usage of herbal product needs to done with a greater number of clinical and randomized control trials on a larger scale to continue their development and usage at grassroots level. Copyright©2022 by authors, all rights reserved.

Effect of Social Media in Adolescents on Academic Performance- A Cross- Sectional Study

Background: In this current scenario with Covid Pandemic and schools are closed for more than one and half years and students are forced to attend online classes. Also because of globalization students have more access to social media which has both favourable and unfavourable outcomes. Result: It was seen that both the gender had access to social media, and the internet and most of them were used for academic purposes during Covid lockdown. More usage of social media was noted among adolescents. Conclusion: Increase in usage of social media had an effect on the decrease in academic excellence.

FDA-Approved Trifluoromethyl Group-Containing Drugs: A Review of 20 Years

As people around the world regard 2020 as the year of COVID-19, the medical community considers this year to be the second-best year, shared with the year 1996, with respect to the number of drug molecules approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Both years, 2020 and 1996, had a record of 53 new drug molecules approved by the FDA. In the year 2020, 53 new chemical entities and 13 biological medicines were approved, including 10 monoclonal antibodies, 2 antibody-drug conjugates, 3 peptides, and 2 oligonucleotides. Among them, most of the compounds were found to have fluorine or fluorine-containing functional groups exhibiting numerous pharmacological activities. Herein, we summarized the trifluoromethyl (TFM, -CF3)-group-containing FDA-approved drugs for the last 20 years. This article specially features and details the previous 20-year literature data, covering CF3-incorporated potential drug molecules, including their syntheses and uses for various diseases and disorders. The review covers the detailed chemistry of 19 FDA-approved drugs in the past 20 years, which contains the TFM group as one of the pharmacophores.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Therapy Undergraduates and Their Families. A Qualitative Study from the United Arab Emirates.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic closed most establishments in the United Arab Emirates except health care and other essential services from 8 March 2020 until 24 June. By 22 March, most citizens were working online, including physical therapy students, and a no-movement policy restricted exercise to homes. The lockdown ended partially in August 2021 and almost complete by January 2022. Objective: We aimed (1) to explore the physical activities of advanced undergraduate physical therapy students and their families during the lockdown, (2) to discuss how participants helped promote and maintain their own and their family's physical health, and (3) to identify what knowledge and skills gained in their physical therapy study students utilized during the lockdown. Methods: We took a qualitative approach; a one-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted by Year 4 physical students who at the time were registered for a module covering qualitative research methods. The students interviewed other physical therapy students from year 4 and 5 who were recruited using convenience sampling from a health sciences educational institution. Interviews were conducted and recorded on the Zoom platform and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. Findings: Forty-six students agreed to participate, and data saturation was achieved with interviews of 24 students. During the COVID-19 Stay Home-Stay Safe initiative, students of physical therapy were found to be physically active and to have designed home exercise programs for themselves and their families. Adherence to regular exercise was high among the students but low among family members. Three overarching themes, each with three subthemes, emerged through synthesis, coding, and categorizing. Conclusion: Undergraduate students can effectively promote their own and their family's health. Energy imbalance and increasing neck, shoulder, and back pain among youth and lack of exercise among adults, midlife, and older, raise health concerns.

Parental Stress in Managing School-going Children during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period - A Pilot Study

Introduction: Parental stress has various reasons like low income, broken family, and lesser family or social support. COVID-19 and the lockdown that has been imposed have created stress among the people. This may be due to increased financial instability within the family, illness or exposure to COVID-19 itself. This study is done to assess the stress on parents in managing their school-going children. Aim: To assess the stress on parents in managing school-going children with their online classes and the factors which are concerning for the parents during the lockdown period. Materials and Method: Parents of children between the age group of 5-12 years were included in the study. These parents’ stress level was analysed based on their response to the parental stress scale. Results: The stress level is found to be on the higher side in the case of a single parent working with the mean stress level being 42.6 when compared to both parents working which had a mean stress level of 32.6. Other factors which are found to increase the stress among parents were low socioeconomic status, having children of a younger age group, and parents living in nuclear families. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 lockdown, the mental health of the parents was found to be influenced by various causes. Good family support, better work timing of parents, and a routine help in reducing stress in the family. Copyright © 2022: Author(s).

Study on airway assessment practices for elective procedures during pre-anesthetic evaluation in COVID-19 pandemic- A national online survey (SAFE PAC Survey).

Background and Aims: A pilot study among anesthesiologists, revealed a wide variation among individual practices including skipping pre-anesthetic airway assessment during COVID-19 pandemic because of the fear of getting infected. Risk of infection during pre-anesthetic airway assessment has not been studied. The primary objective of the survey was to evaluate the practices of airway examination by anesthesiologists during this pandemic period. Secondary objectives were to study the effects of institutional factors and other individual practices on risk modification and the incidence of COVID-19 infection among anesthesiologists. Material and Methods: A survey was conducted using a pre-validated questionnaire comprising of 35 questions. The questionnaire was circulated among 4676 members of the Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA) through Google Forms by email. Results: Of the 4676 members contacted via email, 470 were returned undelivered. From the remaining 4206 questionnaire recipients, 456 completed responses were obtained giving a response rate of 10.8%. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated using EZR software. The conduct of pre-anesthetic airway assessment has decreased by 31.7% during the pandemic, leading to 5.2% of participants encountering unanticipated difficult airway. Among the respondents, eight percent were infected. Conclusion: Avoidance of preoperative airway assessment by anesthesiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to rising unanticipated difficult airway undermining the patient safety. Adherence to recommended practices ensures safety from risk of COVID-19 infection.

Bundled Bispectral Index Monitoring and Sedation During Paralysis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Clinical assessments of depth of sedation are insufficient for patients undergoing neuromuscular blockade during treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This quality initiative was aimed to augment objective assessment and improve sedation during therapeutic paralysis using the bispectral index (BIS). METHODS: This quality improvement intervention provided education and subsequent implementation of a BIS monitoring and sedation/analgesia bundle in a large, urban, safety-net intensive care unit. After the intervention, a retrospective review of the first 70 admissions with ARDS assessed use and documented sedation changes in response to BIS. RESULTS: Therapeutic neuromuscular blockade was initiated for 58 of 70 patients (82.8%) with ARDS, of whom 43 (74%) had BIS monitoring and 29.3% had bundled BIS sedation-titration orders. Explicit documentation of sedation titration in response to BIS values occurred in 27 (62.8%) of those with BIS recordings. CONCLUSIONS: BIS sedation/analgesia bundled order sets are underused, but education and access to BIS monitoring led to high use of monitoring alone and subsequent sedation changes.

Audit on the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in biologic patients with autoimmune conditions

Background/Aims Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a disastrous pandemic since its first outbreak in December 2019. Until 8th of October, 2021, more than 239 million people were infected by COVID-19 leading to over 4.8 million deaths. While vaccines and drugs are two arms in controlling the pandemic, safe and effective vaccines are one of the most reliable interventions to suppress viral transmission. Patients with specific immunological deficits, such as patients with autoimmune diseases or those receiving immunosuppressive need special attention. Besides, vaccination in these patients is problematic due to the probable suppression or over-activation of the immune system. However, there still remain questions about the efficacy and safety of vaccination in immunocompromised patients. Studies are ongoing into the safety and immunogenicity of approved of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with regards to immuno-deficient individuals. The aim of this audit was to check the uptake and side effects of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines. Methods We collected data on 352 patients from routine clinics which included diagnosis, type of vaccine, number of doses, side effects of the vaccines and flare up of arthritis or underlying autoimmune condition. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results Of the 352,174 (49%) were Males and 178 (51%) Females. Most common diagnosis was Rheumatoid Arthritis 181 (51%), Axial spondyloarthropathy, 80(23%), Psoriatic Arthritis 65 (18%), GCA 10 (3%), Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthropathy 5 (1.4%), JIA 3 (0.9%), Sarcoidosis 1 (0.3%), and overlap 6 (2%). Medications: 227(65%) patients were on Biosimilars, 26 (7%) on Biologics, 28 (8%) Certolizumab pegol, 21 (6%) Secukinumab, 2 (0.6%) Baricitinib, 3 (0.8%) Abatacept, 29 (8%) Tocilizumab and 16 (4.5%) on Tofacitinib. Vaccination uptake: 329 patients received double dose and 8 received single dose. 15 (4.3%) patients didn’t take vaccine. Reasons for not taking vaccine were severe reactions to Arthritis medication and biologics, concerned they may have severe reaction with the vaccine. Some were worried that vaccine may trigger flares, COVID-19 vaccine potentially has tracking chips, didn’t trust the vaccine as not gone through enough clinical trialling, lack of any statistics on side effects of the vaccines in immunocompromised patients. Side effects: 146 patients experienced mild side effects based on CTAE5 criteria. Only 3 (2.1%) had severe side effects Grade 3 or above, this included Pulmonary embolism, Stroke, and symptomatic pleural effusion. 15(10%) reported Arthritis flare. Most common side effects were Headache 50(34%), Fatigue 32(22%, Myalgia 32(22%), Fever 30(21%), Chills 30(21%), Injection site pain 28(19%), Rhinorrhoea 11(7.5%), Lethargy 11(7.5%) and maculopapular rash 5(3.4%). Conclusion This audit highlights both the ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 are safe for use in immune-deficient patients. Immunocompromised patients should be encouraged to take vaccines as benefits of the COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risks and might reduce the risk of developing severe complications due to COVID-19. Disclosure G.M. Koduri: None.

INFLUENCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG EMPLOYEES OF THE SERVICE SECTOR

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to discretionary, nonrequired contributions by members to the organizations that employ them. Evidence indicates that job satisfaction is more closely related to such contributions than to productivity in core job tasks. Other data suggest that personality also is more likely to predict such discretionary behaviors rather than task productivity. Various typologies and dimensions of OCB have been posited, but the most parsimonious structure consists of two major dimensions, roughly analogous to discretionary help and support to particular persons and discretionary levels of conformity to organizational rules. Compelling findings support the hypothesis that unit-level OCB indeed predicts various criteria of organizational effectiveness. Cross-cultural research in OCB has begun and is proceeding at an accelerating pace, with indications that the structure of what is perceived as OCB varies somewhat across cultures. Moreover, some forms or levels of intended OCB might prove dysfunctional for either the organization or the individual, or both. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between innovative work behavior on satisfaction, innovative work behavior on job performance, organizational citizenship behavior on job performance, organizational citizenship behavior on job satisfaction, innovative work behavior on job performance through job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior on job performance through job satisfaction

Voting Based Consensus Protocol for Blockchain to Maintain COVID Patient Records in Consortium Networks

Currently, Covid patient records are stored and maintained in the hospital’s database and servers where the patient received medical aid. This is a centralized scenario where the hospital has complete control over the patients’ details which enables easy data manipulation and fraudulent activities by the hospital, which is evident by the daily news we read on media. To prevent such fraudulent activities we propose to decentralize the existing system by introducing multiple hospitals in a blockchain network with Voting based consensus algorithm. As all the records which are stored in a blockchain are supported by a consensus reached by the majority of peers of the network itself, this distributed ledger is immutable and offers an accountable and candid data source for patient records. The validation process takes care of any violation of COVID-19 protocols by hospitals like count of covid positive patients, number of inpatients, number of outpatients, number of patients receiving oxygen, number of patients in ICU, Billing details and so on. This blockchain solution can curb the corruption in hospitals, particularly during pandemic and provide a relief to patients to a greater extent. The prototype of the proposed solution is implemented on a peer to peer network with suitable data structure and algorithm for the voting consensus protocol and PoW protocol. It is observed that voting based consensus protocol is suitable for consortium networks. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

A mother's perspective of consent for maternal and neonatal COVID-19 testing: can we do more?

Background: There is ongoing research on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and whether vertical viral transmission occurs. Aims: This study aimed to determine maternal opinions of COVID-19 testing for pregnant women and newborns in order to influence future clinical practice while advancing global knowledge of the impact of testing on patient experiences. Methods: This service evaluation assessed the opinions of 292 pregnant women who were tested for COVID-19 along with their newborn babies using nasopharyngeal swabs and the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test between 28 April and 21 May 2020. Results: Many women felt their own (60%) and their baby's (61%) swab was compulsory and did not feel sufficiently informed about the risks and benefits for themselves (43%) or their baby (52%) being tested. Some women did not understand the implications of a positive test for themselves (43%) or their baby (42%). Most participants reported they would agree to themselves (97%) and their baby (86%) being tested in future pregnancies. Conclusion: Communication to pregnant women regarding the COVID-19 swabbing process is critical and requires improvement. This service evaluation highlighted where women felt under-informed. These areas should be covered in more detail for consenting women for COVID-19 testing in future. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of British Journal of Midwifery is the property of Mark Allen Holdings Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Voice and Gesture based Virtual Desktop Assistant for Physically Challenged People

In the modern era computers are becoming faster, smarter and better. Their usage is rising in the fields such as medicine, business administration, education etc. So there is a need for simplifying the operability and usability of a computer. Digital virtual assistants are known for easing the interaction with computers. Since most of the digital virtual assistants use voice as mode of communication deaf and dumb persons are finding it difficult to use virtual assistants on their devices. This research work attempts to propose a voice and gesture based virtual assistant that can be used by disabled as well as non disabled persons to perform common tasks on their computers. The main aim of this research paper is to develop natural human-machine interaction. Input to the virtual assistant is the user's choice. Users can choose to communicate using voice and gestures or operate a mouse pointer using gestures. In thee proposed system, gestures are recognized even in low light conditions. So, the proposed system is very much helpful in all day conditions. It can be of great help in times like Covid-19 pandemic to be contact free as well as for people with disabilities. © 2022 IEEE.